The differences between the different education savings plans are significant. Deciding on a plan involves many factors specific to your situation. It is encouraged to seek professional advice for this decision.
"529" Prepaid Tuition Plan1 |
- Account owner retains control of assets
- Earnings grow tax deferred
- Qualified withdrawals free of federal taxes2
- Estate and federal gift tax benefits
- High contribution limits
- No income or age restrictions
- Can be used for broad range of higher education costs
- Flexible beneficiary designation
- Portability - may transfer assets to a different 529 plan
- In State plans may have a State tax advantage.
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- Investment options potentially limited to the funds made available
- Nonqualified withdrawals are subject to ordinary federal and any applicable state income tax, an additional 10% federal tax
- Assets may only be reallocated once per calendar year or upon a change in beneficiary
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Coverdell Education Savings Account |
- Qualified withdrawals free of federal taxes
- Flexible beneficiary designation
- Can be applied to elementary, secondary, and higher education expenses
- Money can be gifted to child who can open own account, bypassing income restrictions
- Investment flexibility
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- Income restrictions
- Considered student assets
- $2,000 annual contribution limit
- 10% tax penalty on nonqualified withdrawals
- Age restriction
- Contributions for students 18 or older are not allowed except for special needs students
- Withdrawals must be made by students 30th birthday and/or certain penalties may apply (except for special needs students)
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UGMA/UTMA Account |
- Portion of earnings taxable at student's rate
- No limit on amount transferred to account
- Parents control assets until child reaches legal age
- Investment flexibility
- Unrestricted use of assets, provided it is for the benefit of a minor
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- Considered student assets
- Adult loses control of assets when child reaches legal age
- Annual transfers in excess of $12,000 subject to gift tax
- Irrevocable gift and may not be transferred to anyone else
- No tax deferral on earnings
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